Laws of ecological science: ' propose to resolve the dilemmas of traps, values, attitudes, and beliefs that lead to exploitation of the environment by deriving an environmental ethic from three basic laws of ecological science' (Bechtel, 1997).

The law of interdependence: Everything in the universe is connected in some form or fashion and that makes it impossible to do something without affecting something else (GAIA is an example) (Bechtel, 1997).

1) Diversity: "Everything that exists has a place in the scheme of things" (Bechtel, 1997).

2) the law of limitation and irreversibility: "Some things cannot be replaced and in our ignorance we must act as if all things are irreplaceable" (Bechtel, 1997).

3) HEP-NEP: 'Human Exceptionist Paradigm and the New Environmental Paradigm. Dunlap and Van Liere (1978b) used these to describe basic...

'These divide people into two groups; one which believe that they can help or harm the environment by their actions and those that believe humans are separate from the environment and therefore have no affect on it' (Bechtel, 1997). Measures human attitudes towards environment (Bechtel, 1997).
Voluntary Simplicity: Elgin, 1981. 'A way of putting environmental ethics to work by simplifying life to help the environment' (Bechtel, 1997).

Belief systems: "Belief systems arise as a response to environmental and social conditions" (Bechtel, 1997). 'Attitudes, values, and beliefs comprise belief systems (don't stand alone) (Bechtel, 1997). There are different belief systems (Bechtel, 1997).

Conclusions: "Values, attitudes beliefs, and belief sytems are ways we have of organizing our knowledge of and…